Element Of Film

Element Of Film

       The element of film can be broken down in four devisions :

Ø  Mise-en-scene

Ø  Cinematography or camera-work

Ø  Editing

Ø  Sound                          

                                             Mise-en-scene

            Mise-en-scene is a term that’s comes from the theater referring to all that appear on stage. In film it`s most often used to represent all that appears in one frame of a film or in one scene. It refer to all the components placed in front of the camera and include sets, lighting, costuming, make up, props, placement of object and people, and the actor`s gesture and movement. Sets can be those on location or those artificially constructed, but they encompass the psycal space that the camera shows and in which the actor move. Lighting in a film help to establish the mood and focuses attention on the details of the film.

                                      Cinematography or Camera-work

            The shot is the basic unit of film. The three most basic shots are as follows:

·         The long shot

·         The medium shot

·         The close up

The camera angle is the camera`s position as it`s focusing 0n the subject. The camera`s might look down on the subject from a high angle position. Camera movement refers to any position the camera takes when viewing the subject that changes the perspective on its subject. Film speed is another consideration to take note   of when studying a shot. The rate at which the film is shot is most apparent in instances of slow or fast motion.

                                                                 Editing

Editing is a linking together of one shot to the next, and usually follows a logical connection between the two. Editing is also choosing the best camera shots taken and putting them together in a way to build a scene, a sequence, and finally a complete film. There are several types of edits:

   -The cut, is the first shot ends where the second begins.

  - Fade in, is the beginning of the shot gradually goes from dark to the light.

  -Fade out, is the beginning of the shot gradually goes from light to dark. 

Distinctive editing is continuity editing`s opposite in that it emphasize the cut from one shot to another, making It clear that the scene has changed.

                                                                                                                                        

                                                           Sound

There are four types of sound in film are speech, music, sound effect, and silence. Speech is dialogue, spoken by the actors on screen. Music refers to the score that establishes patterns  throughout a scene, a sequence, or entire film. Music also used to evoke emotional reactions in the audience. Sound effects are noises made by people and object in each scene shown. The absence of sound in a scene is called a dead track and often surprises the audience. There are terms that help in analyzing the use of sound in a film:

-Ambient sound is background noise or music that surrounds the main action and dialogue.

-Over lapping dialogue is the mixing and over lapping of the speech of the characters

-Voice-off is the speech of character who is not seen on the screen at the time their voice can be heard

-Voice-over is the voice of narrator who is not a part of the story and cannot be heard by the others characters.